If you’ve started researching film cameras, you’ve probably already run into the question of 35mm vs 120 film. I’m here to break down the differences between the two and help you decide which is right for you!
I shot 35mm film professionally for years before I ever picked up a medium format camera and it was more than enough. The images were beautiful and my clients were happy. Which is the main thing, right?
So before we get into the differences just know 35mm is not the lesser option. It’s where most photographers start and it’s okay if you stay there.
Here’s a simple breakdown of both formats so you can make an informed decision about where to begin.
Already know which format you want? Check out my guide to the best beginner 35mm film cameras to find the right starting point.
What Is 35mm Film?
35mm is the most common film format in the world. It’s what most people picture when they think about film photography. Picture your parents back in the 80’s and 90’s taking the little film canisters to Walgreens to get a double set of prints rolled off in an hour. That’s 35mm.
It’s widely available, relatively affordable to shoot and develop and also feels immediately familiar in your hands. Because 35mm cameras are roughly the same shape and size as the digital and mirrorless cameras you already shoot, there’s almost no adjustment period. You pick it up and it just makes sense.
It’s also a fantastic vacation camera. I keep a 50mm lens on mine that’s simple to use, lightweight, and ready to go. You can get the whole setup — camera and lens — for around $400, which makes it one of the most accessible ways to start shooting film.
For photographers who are new to film or adding it to an existing digital workflow, 35mm is the right place to start. The learning curve is manageable, the investment is reasonable, and the image quality is genuinely beautiful.
What Is 120 Medium Format Film?
120 film — also called medium format — is a larger format film that produces a bigger negative than 35mm. The physical roll is wider and the resulting image captures significantly more detail.
Because the frame is larger, you get fewer shots per roll. Typically only 16.
120 film is also more expensive to buy than 35mm. And it requires a medium format camera, which is a separate (and larger) investment.
For those wondering, you cannot use 35mm film in a medium format camera. Or 120 film in a 35mm camera.
The Real Difference Between 35mm vs 120 Film — Image Quality
A larger negative means more surface area capturing light. More detail and dynamic range. More of that dimensional, creamy and dreamy quality that makes medium format images stop your scroll.
Now let’s talk about grain. On 35mm, grain is part of the look. It’s sometimes gritty and you can almost feel it. On medium format, the grain appears much smaller so you get an overall smoother, silkier image. It’s a subtle difference but worth mentioning.
That said, most clients can’t tell. I’ve found it’s more of a personal preference than something that changes the quality of your work. Your clients will love their images either way. The format choice matters more to you as the artist than it does to the person holding the final print.
Medium format doesn’t make you a better photographer. Correct exposure, good light, and strong composition do that.
At the end of the day the choice between 35mm vs 120 film comes down to your budget, workflow, and what feels right to you. Remember, you’re an artist! There is no wrong answer. Think of it this way, the worst thing is you get a camera you don’t love and then you sell it and try another one. Or you could take one step closer to the artist you want to be. Don’t forget to enjoy the process, my friend.
What Cameras Do You Need?
For 35mm — The Nikon F100
My 35mm camera of choice is the Nikon F100, and I love it so much I bought a second one. One lives in my camera bag for client sessions. The other sits on my bedroom dresser for quick snaps of everyday family life.
It’s reliable, fast, and consistently cranks out beautiful images. For professional photographers adding film to their workflow, it’s hard to beat.
Not sure where to start with 35mm cameras? I put together a full post on the best beginner 35mm film cameras that walks you through your best options at every budget.
For 120 Film — The Pentax 645nii
When I was ready to move into medium format, I chose the Pentax 645n and I still shoot it today.
The Pentax is the best bang for your buck in medium format. The image quality is outstanding. It’s more accessible than most medium format options and won’t cost you what some of the other systems will.
One important note — make sure you get the autofocus lens. You’ll need it. Especially when you’re shooting sessions with kids or any kind of movement.
I’ve also shot on a Contax and a few other medium formats. The Contax is the best of the best. But you will pay for it. The Pentax gives you exceptional quality at a fraction of the price — and for most photographers, that’s good enough.
Which Format Should You Start With?
Start with 35mm. Every time.
The cost of entry is lower and cameras are easier to find. Not to mention you’ll shoot more rolls because film costs less per frame. That means you’ll learn faster. Besides, the images you can make on 35mm are genuinely beautiful — more than enough for professional work.
Once you’re confident in your exposure, your film stocks, and your overall workflow then it makes sense to look at medium format. At that point you’ll know exactly what you’re getting into and why you want it.
Still, jumping straight into medium format before you understand the basics of shooting film is possible but an expensive way to learn.
Can You Shoot Both?
Yes — and many photographers do.
I reach for my Nikon F100 on sessions with kids, fast movement, or documentary-style work where I need to shoot quickly and move with my subjects. 35mm keeps up with the pace.
I reach for my Pentax 645n when I want to slow down — portraits, newborn or maternity sessions, moments where I have time to be intentional and I want that medium format rendering to do its thing.
Having both systems is not necessary when you’re starting out. But as you grow in your film work, shooting both formats becomes one of the most creatively satisfying parts of the job.
Want More Tips Like This?
Grab my free Film Made Simple Guide — a quick, practical resource for photographers who want to start shooting film without fear.
Ready to Learn Film the Right Way?
If you’re ready to stop guessing and actually understand how to shoot film with confidence — the cameras, the settings, the film stocks, the workflow — that’s exactly what I teach inside The Film Collective.
It’s a complete online course built for photographers who already know how to shoot digitally and are ready to add film to their work. Everything in one place, taught by someone who has done it professionally for years.
Learn more about The Film Collective → thefilmcollective.gracepaul.co
Grace Paul is a film photographer and educator based in Nashville, TN. She teaches photographers how to shoot film with confidence inside The Film Collective online course.
